Lzh Mu Bi Vb Pc 102Going Wandering
Pāli / Sanskrit:Cārikanapakkamana
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EXPLANATION OF THE CĀRIKANAPAKKAMANA SUTTA (GOING WANDERING)
Background
The Cārikanapakkamana text is part of the Pātimokkha, the basic code for bhikkhus in the Early Buddhist tradition of the Buddha-Dharma. This text is found in the Pācittiya section, the fourth class of rule in the Vinaya Piṭaka, where detailed rules of practice that bhikkhus must observe are recorded.
According to the historical background, the Buddha promulgated these rules based on specific cases that arose in the Saṅgha community. Each rule originated from an actual event, in which bhikkhus violated or acted in a way unsuitable to the monastic conduct. The Going Wandering text is related to the movement of bhikkhus when they go wandering, when bhikkhus leave their dwelling place to travel.
Main Content
The Cārikanapakkamana text prescribes the requirements to be followed when bhikkhus set out on a journey. The term cārikana (wandering, or traveling about) refers to bhikkhus leaving a fixed residence in order to journey from place to place, often for the purpose of seeking the Dharma, learning from senior monks, or practicing meditation in other locations.
This rule penalizes a bhikkhu if he leaves his dwelling without a legitimate reason or without informing his brothers in the Saṅgha. Specifically, if a bhikkhu intends to stay at a place for a long period, three months or more, but then leaves without reporting or asking permission, he may violate the rule. The basic principle here is honesty, responsibility, and connection with the community.
The text also considers situations related to declaring one’s intention, the duration of residence, and the relationship among bhikkhus in the Saṅgha community. The purpose of the rule is not to restrict a bhikkhu’s freedom to travel; in fact, the Buddha-Dharma encourages movement for broad learning. Rather, it is to maintain responsibility, honesty, and harmony in the Saṅgha community.
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