San Lo Bi Vb Pc 118Outside Their Own Country
Pāli / Sanskrit:Tiroraṭṭha
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THE TIRORAṬṬHA SCRIPTURE (OUTSIDE ONE'S OWN COUNTRY)
Context
The Tiroraṭṭha scripture belongs to the Pācittiya section in the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda tradition of the Buddha-Dharma. These are training rules concerning actions that create minor offenses, requiring correction and formal acts (parivāsa), the process of confession and amendment within the community of monks and nuns.
This scripture raises an issue related to geographical difference and rules of conduct for monastics when they are outside their own territory. The historical context shows that, during the Buddha's lifetime, the Sangha community was divided according to areas of activity and rules of practice adapted to each region. This reflects the flexibility in the Vinaya that the Buddha taught his disciples.
Main Content
The Tiroraṭṭha scripture primarily concerns regulations regarding the behavior of monks and nuns when living outside the country or territory under the administration of their local Sangha community. According to the Pāli Canon tradition, monastics must observe certain principles in order to maintain harmony in the Sangha.
Specifically, this scripture stipulates that when a monk or nun lives in a region that is not their own country or Sangha community, they must follow the rules established by the local community. If they violate these regulations, they commit a Pācittiya offense, requiring the performance of confession over a certain period.
The condition "outside one's own country" (tiro, outside + raṭṭha, country) is not simply a geographical matter, but concerns the recognition and authorization of the Sangha community. A monastic cannot arbitrarily operate independently, but must show respect for the common rules of the Sangha wherever they may be.
Practical Meaning
The Tiroraṭṭha scripture has profound significance in Vinaya practice. It teaches us that practice is not merely an individual matter, but is also connected with responsibility toward the community.
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