Xct Mu Bi Pm Pc 175Outside Their Own Country
Pāli / Sanskrit:Tiroraṭṭha
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Sutta Tiroraṭṭha (Outside One's Own Country)
Background
The Tiroraṭṭha Sutta is found in the Vinaya Piṭaka, specifically in the Pātimokkha Samvara section — the fundamental rules of training for bhikkhus. The Vinaya Piṭaka was built up over a long period, with the Buddha promulgating each corresponding rule as various issues arose within the monastic community during his lifetime.
This sutta concerns the matter of a bhikkhu or bhikkhuni remaining outside their own country for too long, which affects the legitimacy of their standing and the support of the local community. In the context of ancient India, a monastic living in exile or away from their homeland for an extended period could give rise to legal and ethical problems, and it was in response to these that the Buddha set forth clear guidance on the matter.
Main Content
The specific content of this sutta has not yet been fully translated in available sources; however, based on the context of the Vinaya Piṭaka, the sutta emphasizes that a monastic should not remain outside their own country (tiroraṭṭha) for an excessively long time without good reason or the approval of the Sangha community.
In the Theravāda tradition, these rules are understood as follows: if a bhikkhu departs from their monastery or community for too long, they lose the rights and legal protections afforded by the local community. This can lead to consequences under monastic law, ranging from being regarded as absent without leave to other penalties within the system of Sangha regulations.
This rule also reflects the fundamental principle of the Sangha — that the community of monastics must maintain connection with and accountability to one another. A monastic cannot simply leave of their own accord without reporting; they must inform the community and obtain appropriate approval if they wish to remain outside their own country for an extended period.
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