Lzh Sarv Bi Vb Pc 98Outside Their Own Country
Pāli / Sanskrit:Tiroraṭṭha
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TIRORAṬṬHA DISCOURSE (Outside One’s Own Country)
Background
The Tiroraṭṭha discourse belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka, specifically the Pātimokkha of the Early Buddhist tradition, focusing on the rules of practice for bhikkhus. This discourse is found in the Pācittiya section, offenses requiring confession that do not immediately lead to expulsion from the Sangha.
The background for the arising of this discourse is connected with practical issues when bhikkhus traveled beyond their country or lived far from their homeland. All the monastics living in the Buddha’s time, especially those from different regions, had to adapt to life and practice in unfamiliar localities. This required clear guidance on conduct, especially regarding respect for legal territory and the authority of senior bhikkhus in a place.
Main Content
The Tiroraṭṭha rule concerns situations related to being “outside one’s own country” (tiro = distant, beyond; raṭṭha = kingdom/country). This discourse deals with the question of the authority and responsibility of bhikkhus when they leave the country or Sangha region where they are registered or live.
Specifically, this rule concerns actions that a bhikkhu should not perform when outside his own country, or rights that he cannot enjoy when absent from his official local region. This includes such matters as legal authority, the right to take part in major decisions of the Sangha, and benefits connected with official recognition.
Buddhist law values the continuity and stability of the Sangha. When a bhikkhu lives outside his own country, he should not arbitrarily carry out acts that only local members or those confirmed in that place may perform. This protects the integrity and autonomy of the local Sangha.
Practical Meaning
The Tiroraṭṭha discourse teaches us respect for boundaries, territory, and the authority of the community.
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