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The Sutta on Sandals (Upāhanāruḷha)

Background

The Sutta on Sandals belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka of the early Buddha-Dharma tradition, specifically to the Pāṭimokkha, the basic code for monastics. It is one of the prohibitions (Pācittiya) related to the training life of the Sangha, reflecting the mindfulness that the Buddha-Dharma teaches concerning restraint in daily living.

This sutta was established in the early period of the Sangha, while the Buddha was still alive. At that time, monastics lived simply and used only the minimum necessary requisites. However, situations also arose that were not in accord with the spirit of renunciation, especially when some monastics used luxurious or unsuitable items. The rule on sandals was established to maintain simplicity and to regulate the personal requisites of the Sangha.

Main Content

The Upāhanāruḷha Sutta (upāhana = sandals; ruḷha = valued, used) prescribes how sandals are to be used and managed within the monastic community. According to this rule, monastics are not allowed to wear sandals during sacred activities, such as entering temples, practicing meditation, or attending important Dharma talks.

This prohibition is not based on contempt or unreasonable restriction, but arises from the principle of respecting sacred space. Sandals, though necessary for protecting the feet from physical dangers, become, when worn in religious spaces, a sign of separation and self-protection, contrary to the spirit of humility and submission. This rule reminds one that when entering a sacred space, the body of a monastic should express humility and offering.

The rule also mentions exceptions. For example, if rough terrain or harsh climate would harm health, a monastic may be allowed to wear sandals. These exceptions show that the Buddha-Dharma is never mechanical or rigid, but always considers the concrete circumstances of each individual.