Lzh Mu Bu Pm As 3Resolution Because of Past Insanity
Pāli / Sanskrit:Amūḷhavinaya
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Exposition of the Amūḷhavinaya Sutta
Dispelling Delusion Through the Vinaya
Background
The Amūḷhavinaya Sutta (Amūḷha = not deluded; Vinaya = discipline, law) is part of the Vinaya Piṭaka in the Theravāda Buddhist tradition, recording situations that occurred in the early monastic community while the Buddha was still living. This text addresses the issue of practitioners committing offenses because of delusion or lack of understanding, rather than through intentional violation.
In the historical setting, when the Sangha had only recently formed, many people went forth with different intellectual and ethical backgrounds. Some monks and nuns violated the Vinaya because they did not clearly understand the rules, or because their minds were temporarily confused. The Buddha and the senior disciples needed to determine a fair way to handle such cases: should they be severely punished, or should they be guided and corrected?
This text reflects the wisdom of the Buddhadharma: the rules are not for mechanical punishment, but for education and correction. It also expresses a basic principle in the Vinaya Piṭaka: clearly distinguishing intentional offenses from unintentional offenses or those arising from lack of understanding.
Main Content
Amūḷhavinaya deals with the case of a monk who violates a rule because his mind is confused. According to the Pāli Vinaya Piṭaka, four basic factors make an action a complete offense: cetanā (intention), dhamma (the act), kamma (the effect), and āpatti (the resulting offense). If the factor of intention is absent, or if the person acting does not clearly recognize the situation, the degree of offense is reduced.
This text makes clear that when a monk commits an offense because his wisdom is not free from delusion, that is, because he does not clearly understand the rule or the context, then instead of being excluded from the Sangha, he should be instructed, corrected, and admonished. This is a form of pabbajjanīya-kamma or tajjanīya-kamma (censure), not pakkhasa-nīya-kamma (permanent exclusion).
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