San Lo Bu Pm Pc 34Encouraging Another Monastic to Eat More After Refusing an Invitation
Pāli / Sanskrit:Dutiyapavāraṇā
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Explanation of the Dutiyapavāraṇā Rule (Encouraging Another Monk to Eat More After Refusing an Invitation)
Background
This discourse is recorded in the Vinaya Piṭaka, in the Pātimokkha Samvara section, the fundamental matters of discipline. It reflects an actual situation in the earliest life of the Sangha, when monks and nuns often faced difficult situations concerning food and their own kindness.
This background comes from early Buddhism, where monastics lived on almsfood. However, there was not always enough food to be full. When invited to eat, a monk who was not truly hungry or who wished to practice restraint might refuse the invitation. In this context, other monks might try to encourage him to eat more.
The special point is that this discourse is located in the Vinaya Piṭaka, not the Sutta Piṭaka, showing that this issue relates directly to permitted and prohibited conduct in the Sangha.
Main Content
Dutiyapavāraṇā, from "dutiya" meaning second and "pavāraṇā" meaning opening or declaration, deals with the situation in which another monk tries to encourage a monk who has refused to eat more. This is connected with restraint (saṃvara) and adherence to the proper principles of monastic eating.
This rule is subtle in nature. On the one hand, Buddhism encourages restraint and control of sensual desires, including desire for food. On the other hand, the kindness and concern of another monk encouraging his companion to be healthy is also a wholesome act.
However, if the encouragement to eat more is meant to incite or cause the monk to violate his own restraint, then it is a problem. The discourse points out that this act of encouragement must be considered according to its real purpose: is it meant to help the other monk recover his strength, or to stimulate desire and break discipline?
Practical Meaning
This discourse teaches us an important lesson about balancing restraint and compassion.
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