San Mg Bu Pm Pc 34Encouraging Another Monastic to Eat More After Refusing an Invitation
Pāli / Sanskrit:Dutiyapavāraṇā
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Dutiyapavāraṇā Sutta: Encouraging a Dharma Companion to Eat More After Refusing an Invitation
Background
This text is recorded in the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda Buddhist tradition, specifically in the Pācittiya section, the rules concerning offenses requiring confession. Based on the title Dutiyapavāraṇā (pavāraṇā means “invitation,” dutiya means “second”), this text concerns a situation related to the sharing of food among bhikkhus in the Sangha community.
The historical background of this rule lies within the earliest practice of Theravāda Buddhism, when bhikkhus lived on the alms of laypeople. The Vinaya Piṭaka records many specific situations that occurred at Jetavana Monastery, where the Buddha and his disciples often resided, or in other places, from which the Blessed One taught appropriate rules of conduct to maintain order, respect, and harmony in the Sangha.
Main Content
According to the Theravāda legal texts, when a bhikkhu has refused an invitation to take more food from a household, whether because he feels sufficiently full or for medical reasons, another bhikkhu should not encourage or persuade that bhikkhu to eat more. Such an action may be regarded as violating the principles of independent practice and respect for another’s will within the Sangha.
This rule arises from the basic principle that each bhikkhu must decide for himself the amount of food suitable for his body and his needs in practice. Encouragement is not merely an act of courtesy, but also relates to the matter of inner discipline (adhisīla). If a bhikkhu has decided to refuse, encouraging him to eat more may be understood as interference with another’s autonomy, or in some cases may involve providing food beyond reasonable need, which is not in keeping with the spirit of humble life in the Sangha.
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