Lzh Sarv Bi Pm Ss 9Reinstating One Ejected
Pāli / Sanskrit:Ukkhittakaosāraṇa
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Interpretation of the Sutra on Reinstating One Who Has Been Expelled
(Ukkhittakaosāraṇa)
Background
This sutra is recorded in the Vinaya Piṭaka, the component that deals with the disciplinary rules of the Buddhist Sangha. It is an important part of Sarv Bi Pm Ss, the particular Vinaya of the Theravāda tradition, recording specific guidelines on how to handle internal disciplinary matters within the Sangha.
Ukkhittaka (ukkhitta) in Pāli means "expelled" or "removed," while osāraṇa means "reinstatement" or "restoration." Thus, this sutra focuses on the legal procedure for restoring the membership status of monks or nuns who have been excluded from the Sangha because of disciplinary violations.
The historical context is the early period when the Buddhist Sangha needed to establish fair mechanisms to protect the purity of the practicing community while also opening a path of repentance for those who had violated the rules. This reflects the compassionate intention of the Buddhadharma.
Main Content
This sutra sets forth in detail the conditions and procedure by which an expelled monk may be reinstated into the Sangha. First, that person must demonstrate genuine remorse, not merely in words but through action and conduct. They need to observe a period of adjustment to show that the former violation has been completely abandoned.
The process of reinstatement is not simple, but requires the Sangha to assemble (sangha sannipāta) and pass a formal decision. There must be the agreement of the majority of the members, and this must be carried out according to the standard ceremonial forms prescribed. No member is to be obstructed or made to agree under pressure.
The specific criteria include: the offender must demonstrate serious practice, must not continue the wrongful conduct, and must show respect for the Vinaya. In addition, those regarded as witnesses to that person's reform also play an important role in the final decision.
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