Lzh Mi Bi Vb Ss 5Reinstating One Ejected
Pāli / Sanskrit:Ukkhittakaosāraṇa
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The Sutta on Reinstating One Who Has Been Excluded
Ukkhittakaosāraṇa - An Exposition According to the Vinaya Piṭaka
Background
This sutta appears in the Vinaya Piṭaka, specifically in the Suttavibhaṅga of the Bhikkhunī Vibhaṅga, the section of rules for nuns. Its content concerns the process of correction and what is called "exclusion" (ukkhepanīya kamma), a form of disciplinary action in the early Buddhist Sangha.
In the history of early Buddhism, "exclusion" was a disciplinary measure that was not a complete severance like "expulsion" (patisaraṇīya kamma), but was still a significant penalty. A bhikkhu or bhikkhunī who was excluded would be separated from the common activities of the Sangha: unable to participate in collective legal acts and unable to be in harmony in common decisions. However, this process also had a clear path of restoration.
Main Content
The title "Reinstating One Ejected" clearly indicates the main content: the procedure to be performed when one wishes to remove the state of "exclusion" from a bhikkhu or bhikkhunī.
According to the Vinaya Piṭaka, for one who has been excluded to be reinstated (osāraṇa) into the community, a formal act (kamma) must be performed. The basic condition is that the person must be truly repentant and ready to make an apology (patti) before members of the Sangha.
The procedure includes the following: the excluded person must apologize in a dignified manner, often kneeling three times before the Sangha, expressing sincere remorse and committing to correct the wrong conduct. After that, the Sangha performs a formal decision (ñatti-catuttha kamma), a fourfold announcement in a proper meeting, in order to reinstate that person.
The Vinaya Piṭaka emphasizes that this is effective only when performed in the presence of the community, and there must be the required number of bhikkhus or bhikkhunīs, often a minimum of five, for the decision to be lawful.
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