Lzh Mg Bi Pm Ss 10Reinstating One Ejected
Pāli / Sanskrit:Ukkhittakaosāraṇa
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Ukkhittakaosāraṇa Sutta: Reinstating Those Who Have Been Expelled
Background
The Ukkhittakaosāraṇa Sutta (reinstating those who have been expelled) is a text belonging to the Vinaya Piṭaka within the Theravāda Buddhist tradition. The Vinaya Piṭaka is the collection of rules governing the conduct and discipline of the monastic community of monks and nuns (Sangha), established by the Buddha Gotama for the purpose of maintaining purity and harmony within the Sangha.
In the history of the Buddhist monastic community, expulsion (ukkhepana) was a severe disciplinary penalty imposed upon monks or nuns who committed fundamental violations or who deliberately refused to comply with the basic precepts and rules. One who was expelled would be separated from the community, forbidden from participating in collective activities, and barred from friendly interaction with fellow monastics. This was a measure of last resort, employed both to protect the purity of the Sangha and to encourage the transformation of the individual concerned.
Nevertheless, the Ukkhittakaosāraṇa Sutta records that the Buddha established conditions under which those who had been expelled could be reinstated into the community, provided they demonstrated genuine remorse and a sincere commitment to observing the rules of discipline.
Main Content
This sutta sets forth the necessary conditions for a monk or nun who has been expelled to be reinstated into the Sangha. First, the individual must clearly acknowledge their transgression. This is not a matter of words alone; there must be a sincere and genuine reconsideration—a true inward examination—of what one has done wrong. This public acknowledgment forms the foundation of the process of reconciliation.
Second, the expelled person must express a firm resolve to uphold the principles of the Vinaya in the future. This is not a mere empty promise, but must be a genuine commitment, witnessed by the Sangha or at the very least by senior members of the community. This resolve reflects a profound transformation of mind.
Third, the Sangha is required to carry out a formal procedure of reinstatement. This is typically accomplished by means of a formal motion (ñatti) or through a process of communal deliberation and vote.
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