Xct Mu Bi Ss 12Reinstating One Ejected
Pāli / Sanskrit:Ukkhittakaosāraṇa
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EXPLANATION OF THE UKKHITTAKAOSĀRAṆA DISCOURSE (Reinstating One Who Has Been Expelled)
Background
The Ukkhittakaosāraṇa discourse belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Early Buddhist tradition, recorded in the Pāli Canon. It is part of the system of Sangha discipline, where the communal rules of life for bhikkhus (male monastics) and bhikkhunīs (female monastics) are recorded in detail.
The Vinaya Piṭaka is divided into three main parts: Suttavibhaṅga (the detailed analysis of each rule), Khandhaka (chapters on group matters), and Parivāra (the appendix). This discourse is directly connected with the disciplinary process of the Sangha, specifically the readmission of a member after exclusion due to a serious violation.
The historical background of the Vinaya Piṭaka is the early years after the Buddha's nirvana, when the senior disciples needed to establish strict rules to maintain the purity and unity of the Sangha. The exclusion of a member (ukkhepana) was the most severe disciplinary measure, applied when a person violated fundamental prohibitions or refused to accept the Sangha's decision.
Main Content
The Ukkhittakaosāraṇa discourse prescribes the formal procedure for reinstating one who has been expelled back into the monastic community. This is not a simple or automatic process, but requires strict steps to ensure sincere repentance and the restoration of the Sangha's trust.
According to the Vinaya Piṭaka, for an excluded person to be readmitted, that person must show clear signs of remorse. Specifically, they must come before the Sangha and perform acts that express repentance, such as bowing, making a public apology, and committing to observe discipline in the future. The Sangha will then consider whether this person is qualified to be readmitted.
This discourse emphasizes that the decision to reinstate must be made through a formal meeting of the Sangha (saṅgha), not by an individual or a small group.
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