Lzh Sarv Bi Pm Pj 8Eight Factors
Pāli / Sanskrit:Aṭṭhavatthukā
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THE SUTRA ON THE EIGHT FACTORS (Aṭṭhavatthukā)
Background
The Sutra on the Eight Factors belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka, the monastic codes and development of the Sangha community established by the Buddha Gotama. These regulations are not unreasonable prohibitions, but a foundation for ethical education and discipline so that monastics may practice according to the Noble Eightfold Path. The Sutra on the Eight Factors appears in the context of the Buddha explaining the basic reasons for which the Sangha had to promulgate rules.
According to the Theravāda tradition, the Vinaya Piṭaka was recorded after the Buddha entered nirvana at representative councils (Sangīti). The purpose of the Vinaya is not to punish, but to protect monastics from actions that harm the mind, to protect the purity of the Sangha, and to preserve the Buddhadharma for a long time in the world.
Main Content
The Sutra on the Eight Factors presents eight basic factors connected with the formation of Vinaya regulations. These factors are:
First: Protection of the Sangha (Sangha Rakkhā) — regulations are promulgated to preserve the unity and purity of the monastic community.
Second: Serving the common good of the Sangha (Sangha Anurakkhanā) — the rules are intended to strengthen shared benefit, not private advantage.
Third: Restraining those who lack a sense of shame (Akiriyapuggala Damana) — prohibitions are established to influence those lacking moral self-awareness.
Fourth: Supporting those who have a sense of shame (Hirīman Anuggaha) — regulations help monastics with a sense of moral shame to develop virtue.
Fifth: Restraining present offenses (Āpatti Samvara) — preventing violations that may occur in the present.
Sixth: Reducing future offenses (Āpatti Parikkhara) — preventing offenses that may occur later.
Seventh: Teaching those who do not know (Aparisāvuta Sikkhā) — guiding new fellow practitioners in the rules.
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