Lzh Sarv Bi Pm Dh Pc 40Living With an Ejected Monastic
Pāli / Sanskrit:Ukkhittasambhoga
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THE DISCOURSE ON LIVING WITH AN EXPELLED BHIKKHU
Background
The Ukkhittasambhoga discourse (Living with an expelled bhikkhu) belongs to the Vinaya Pitaka of the Pāli Canon, the disciplinary portion of the Bhikkhu order. This is important material in the Pātimokkha Samuggaha, the basic collection of rules, especially in the Pācittiya section, offenses requiring confession.
The background of this discourse concerns an issue of purity within the Sangha community. When a bhikkhu has been expelled by a decision of the Sangha (ukkhitta) because of a serious violation or refusal to confess a fault, other bhikkhus cannot continue living together with that person without encountering disciplinary trouble. This discourse gives guidance on how to handle cases in which a bhikkhu unintentionally or under compulsion must live with one who has been expelled.
Main Content
According to the Vinaya Pitaka, a bhikkhu who has been ukkhitta, expelled or dismissed from the Sangha, must be isolated, and no one is permitted to live with him, eat with him, or have ordinary interaction with him. However, this discourse addresses practical situations: if a bhikkhu, because he does not know or because circumstances compel him, lives with a person who has been expelled, for example in the same temporary shelter, the same room during escape in a time of trade or consultation, then the offense will be considered in light of intention (cetanā).
If the bhikkhu clearly knows that the person has been expelled and still deliberately lives with him, shares food and lodging, or converses with him normally, he commits a Pācittiya offense, an offense requiring confession before the Sangha. However, if he does not know or is forced, there is no offense or a lighter offense. The discourse also states that if the bhikkhu later discovers the fact, he must immediately leave and report it to the Sangha.
The key point is that the Vinaya Pitaka emphasizes intention (sañcetanā) and clearly distinguishes between intentional and unintentional action. A bhikkhu cannot be blamed if he does not know or cannot avoid the situation.
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