Lzh Mu Bi Vb Pc 23Encouraging Another Monastic to Eat More After Refusing an Invitation
Pāli / Sanskrit:Dutiyapavāraṇā
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Dutiyapavāraṇā Sutta: Encouraging a Bhikkhu to Eat More After Refusing an Invitation
Background
In the Theravāda tradition, the Vinaya Piṭaka is the collection of rules governing the life of the monastic community. The Dutiyapavāraṇā Sutta belongs to the Bhikkhunī Vibhaṅga, the explanation of rules for female bhikkhus, specifically in the Pācittiya category, offenses requiring confession and repentance. The title "Dutiyapavāraṇā" means "a second invitation to eat," relating to a specific situation in the monastic community.
The background of this discourse arose from practical cases in the daily life of monks and nuns. When a female bhikkhu refuses an invitation to eat, whether because of illness, sadness, or other reasons, teachers and companions in the community may try to encourage her to eat more in order to protect her health. This reflects care and loving-kindness (mettā) among members of the community. However, Buddhist law also needs to define matters clearly in order to avoid abuse or unnecessary conflicts.
Main Content
The Dutiyapavāraṇā Sutta concerns the situation in which a female bhikkhu initially refuses an invitation to eat from a food donor (dāyaka or dāyikā). After the first refusal, other female bhikkhus or the householders themselves continue to encourage and invite her to eat a second or third time. This is not abuse or discourtesy, but an expression of sincere concern.
The law here needs to clarify when encouraging someone to eat more is considered appropriate and when it may become a problem. If a female bhikkhu has clearly refused, continuing to press her to eat too many times may be considered a violation, especially if the purpose is not concern for her health but some other intention. However, inviting once again is considered proper, because it expresses sincerity within the Sangha community.
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