Lzh Mu Bi Vb Pc 104Within Their Own Country
Pāli / Sanskrit:Antoraṭṭha
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ANTORAṬṬHA SUTTA
Explanation of the Pāli Vinaya
Background
The Antoraṭṭha text appears in the Vinaya Piṭaka, specifically in the Pācittiya section, the offenses requiring confession. These are detailed rules for regulating the mind, actions, and speech of bhikkhus in the Saṅgha community.
The title "Antoraṭṭha" means "within one’s own country," indicating situations in which bhikkhus act and live within areas defined as their own, or regions under the authority of the Saṅgha. This context is related to actions that may create disharmony or harm the Saṅgha when they occur within the internal sphere.
The Pāli Vinaya was taught on the basis of specific events from the Buddha’s lifetime. When bhikkhus acted improperly or violated discipline, the Buddha would establish or explain anew the precedents (pāṭimokkha), helping the Saṅgha protect the purity of moral conduct.
Main Content
In the pācittiya rules related to "Antoraṭṭha," bhikkhus are warned about wrongful actions that may harm the nature of the life of going forth, especially when those actions occur within their own community.
These rules often revolve around faults such as causing division, useless arguments, or disrespectful actions toward fellow practitioners. When a bhikkhu violates pācittiya rules, these are offenses worthy of private confession to another bhikkhu, not grave offenses such as pārājika or saṅghādisesa.
In particular, actions occurring "within one’s own country," that is, in the regions where the Saṅgha regularly operates, are regarded as more serious in nature because they can directly affect the harmony and purity of the monastic community. These rules reflect a basic principle of the Pāli Vinaya: protecting the harmony of the Saṅgha and maintaining collective moral conduct.
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