Lzh Mu Bi Pm Ss 12Reinstating One Ejected
Pāli / Sanskrit:Ukkhittakaosāraṇa
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An Explanation of the Ukkhittakaosāraṇa Sutta (Reinstating an Ejected Monk)
Background
The Ukkhittakaosāraṇa Sutta belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda Buddhist tradition, a section of teaching governing the discipline of the community of monks and nuns. The Vinaya Piṭaka was compiled to maintain the purity and harmony of the Sangha, the assembly of monastics practicing according to the Buddha’s teaching.
The title “Reinstating One Ejected” points to one of the weighty disciplinary issues of the monastic community: the case of a monk who has seriously violated the precepts and has been expelled from the community by a decision of the Sangha. This sutta instructs how such monastics may be restored to their status when they truly repent and correct their path of practice.
Main Content
In the Vinaya system, expulsion (ukkhepana) is the gravest penalty the Sangha can apply. A monk is expelled when he violates one of the fundamental rules, especially the four Pārājika offenses (defeats, offenses leading to the loss of monastic status), or other serious actions that harm the community.
The Ukkhittakaosāraṇa Sutta clearly regulates the conditions under which an expelled monk may be received again by the Sangha. The primary condition is that the monk must show sincere repentance (kusala-cetanā) and commit to correcting his conduct. He must formally apologize to the Sangha, acknowledge his errors, and demonstrate through practice that he is ready to observe the precepts.
The process of reinstatement is not simple. The Sangha must hold an official meeting (Sangha samidhi), discussing the conditions that the expelled monk has fulfilled. Only when the community of monastics reaches consensus may that person return and restore his place within the Sangha.
Practical Meaning
The Ukkhittakaosāraṇa Sutta expresses a core principle in Theravāda Buddhism: the constructive and transformative nature of practice.
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