Lzh Mu Bi Pm Pc 130Reviling a Group

GAṆAPARIBHĀSANA SUTTA (REVILING A GROUP — RULE 130)

A Commentary on the Traditional Theravāda Vinaya

Background

Gaṇaparibhāsana (Gaṇa-paribhāsana), meaning "Reviling a Group," is a rule within the Pātimokkha — the code of monastic self-discipline for bhikkhus in the Theravāda tradition. This text belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka, embodying the Buddha's regulation enacted to maintain harmony within the monastic community.

The context arose from events in the life of the Saṅgha. Those bhikkhus who habitually spoke ill of, reviled, or disparaged another group of disciples — even those who were genuinely practicing — caused discord within the Saṅgha (僧伽). The Buddha, moved by compassion and wishing to protect and nurture the Dhamma, promulgated this rule to regulate conduct that undermines unity.

Main Content

The rule stipulates that: any bhikkhu who reviles, criticizes, or utters words of contempt concerning a group of disciples — regardless of how that group practices — commits a transgression. Such conduct is not a minor fault; it constitutes a lack of respect and a failure to exercise care in one's speech.

This rule does not intend to prohibit the pointing out of genuine errors or the offering of constructive advice. Rather, it is directed against words that are harsh, abusive, or mocking toward a group of persons. In particular, if that group is genuinely practicing in accordance with the Dhamma, to criticize them without grounds or with a spirit of contempt inflicts harm upon the faith and harmony of the Saṅgha.

This rule reflects a fundamental principle of the Vinaya: to protect the purity, harmony, and integrity of the monastic community. Bhikkhus are encouraged to practice Paṭisanthāra — the courteous and respectful mutual correction — that is, to guide one another in the Dhamma quietly and with due respect.