Lzh Mi Bu Vb Sk 94Clasping Knees

Pallatthika Sutta — Paying Homage by Bending the Knees

Context

Pallatthika (Pāli: pallatthika, from pallatta = knee, thika = manner) is a text in the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Early tradition, belonging to the Bhikkhunī Vibhaṅga, the doctrinal rules for female bhikkhus. This text records a regulation concerning the etiquette of paying homage within the community of early Buddhist female monastics.

The context of this rule arose from practical situations in the life of the Sangha. When female bhikkhus met one another, or met teachers and revered masters, expressing respect through bodily actions was natural. However, Early Buddhism values proper form in actions, especially matters connected with monastic courtesy. Therefore, the Buddha gave specific guidance on the proper way to pay homage, especially when doing so by bending the knees to the ground.

Main Content

The Pallatthika rule in the Vinaya Piṭaka states clearly that when female bhikkhus wish to show respect, they should not pay homage in an unformed or unconscious way. Specifically, “homage by bending the knees” (pallatthika-paricariyā), that is, bending the body and bringing the knees into contact with the ground, must follow certain principles.

First, this manner of homage should be performed only in appropriate contexts, such as paying homage to the Buddha, to senior teachers, or to revered teachers qualified to instruct. It is not a spontaneous act to be performed at any time, but has hierarchy and standard form.

Second, this action must be performed with a sincere mind, not for display or to gain temporary benefits. Homage is an expression of humility (sappāya, suitability) and of following the path, not an expression of provocation or falsehood.

Third, female monastics need to attend to rules concerning robes and composure in movement.