Lzh Dg Bi Pm Pj 8Eight Factors
Pāli / Sanskrit:Aṭṭhavatthukā
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COMMENTARY ON THE AṬṬHAVATTHUKĀ SUTTA (THE SUTTA OF EIGHT FACTORS)
Background
The Aṭṭhavatthukā Sutta (Eight Factors) belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka within the Theravāda Buddhist tradition, in which the Buddha and his disciples established the fundamental principles of spiritual practice. The Vinaya Piṭaka is not merely a separate set of regulations, but a framework of training that the Venerable Sāriputta and other elder monastics constructed in order to help beings cultivate the Noble Eightfold Path in a comprehensive manner.
This sutta was compiled during the councils for the recitation and compilation of the Dhamma (saṅgīti) held after the Buddha's Parinibbāna, when the elder monastics drew upon their keen memory to preserve the authentic Dhamma. The eight factors presented here are not abstract concepts, but concrete conditions within the process of practice and living according to the Buddha-Dhamma that all monastics and lay followers need to understand clearly.
Main Content
The eight factors (aṭṭha-vatthuka) set forth in this sutta are the fundamental elements pertaining to spiritual and ethical development in the life of practice. They comprise the prerequisite conditions for the arising of virtue, concentration, and wisdom.
According to the Theravāda tradition, these factors are regarded as the foundation upon which the Noble Eightfold Path (sammā-saṅgati-khandha) develops. Specifically, the eight factors relate to: right view (sammā-diṭṭhi), right intention (sammā-saṅkappa), right speech (sammā-vācā), right action (sammā-kammanta), right livelihood (sammā-ājīva), right effort (sammā-vāyāma), right mindfulness (sammā-sati), and right concentration (sammā-samādhi).
Yet in order for this Noble Eightfold Path to function effectively, the Buddha pointed out that eight supporting conditions must be present.
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