Bi Pc 154154. Making a groundless accusation

KINH AMŪLAKA: THE SNARE OF FALSE BELIEF

Background

The Amūlaka Sutta (from amūlaka = "without root, without basis") belongs to the Bhikkhunī Pātimokkha — the Vinaya code dedicated specifically to the female members of the Sangha. This is one of the important regulations in the Vinaya Piṭaka, reflecting the Buddha's profound consideration for integrity and trustworthiness within the monastic community.

The background of this text originates from a specific incident during the Buddha's time. A bhikkhunī accused another bhikkhunī of an offense involving "lying on a bed together with a man" (unchastity), a conduct regarded as a Pārājika offense — that is, a transgression leading to expulsion from the Sangha. However, this accusation was entirely without basis, with no valid evidence or witnesses to substantiate it. When the truth was brought to light, the Buddha set forth this teaching in order to protect the integrity and fairness of the Community.

Main Content

According to the Bhikkhunī Pātimokkha, if a bhikkhunī voices an accusation against another bhikkhunī of committing a Pārājika offense (that is, one of the four most serious offenses in the Vinaya), but the accusation is without basis and without lawful evidence, then the one making the accusation must confess and express remorse for her wrongdoing before the Sangha.

This text emphasizes that making an "unfounded" (amūlaka) accusation is an extremely serious violation of the Vinaya. Unlike accusations that are supported by evidence, or those made with genuine motivation but ultimately unsubstantiated, a groundless accusation reflects direct dishonesty and disregard for the rules of the community.

This fine legal distinction lies in intention and evidence. If a bhikkhunī declares that she has witnessed an offense or has reliable information, but the outcome is not corroborated, that is a different matter altogether.