Lzh Sarv Bi Pm Dh Pc 93Cursing Another

The Paraabhisapana Sutta - Cursing Another

Background

Paraabhisapana (Pāli: para = another; abhisapana = curse, harsh criticism) is a rule in the Pātimokkha of the Theravāda Vinaya Piṭaka. This sutta records an event in the process by which the Buddha and his disciples built the ethical foundation of the Sangha.

According to the historical context, this sutta concerns improper speech by bhikkhus, especially the use of cruel, sarcastic, or harshly critical words toward other members of the Buddhist community. The Buddha saw that such speech caused division and damaged harmonious relationships in the Sangha, and therefore laid down a precept prohibiting this conduct.

The Paraabhisapana rule is classified as one of the Pācittiya offenses, lighter violations that nevertheless require confession and correction. The purpose of this rule is not punishment, but education, helping monastics recognize the destructive power of wrong speech.

Main Content

The Paraabhisapana Sutta stipulates that a bhikkhu must not use bitter, critical, or cursing speech toward others, especially toward those in the community of practice. This rule includes both public and private speech, words whose intention is to harm, shame, or cause discomfort to the person being criticized.

Violating conduct includes using coarse words, sarcastic expressions, or statements that insult the dignity and self-respect of others. Even when there is a valid reason or the wish to “offer constructive feedback,” if the manner of doing so causes psychological harm or division in the community, it is still considered a violation of this rule.

The important point is that Paraabhisapana does not prohibit pointing out faults or giving constructive criticism in a civilized and respectful way. It condemns only malicious speech, speech intended to harm and lacking a true purpose of practice.