Lzh Sarv Bi Vb Pc 93Cursing Another
Pāli / Sanskrit:Paraabhisapana
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Explanation of the Paraabhisapana Discourse (Discourse on Cursing Another)
Background
The Paraabhisapana discourse belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka, specifically the Pātimokkha Saṃvara, the basic code of discipline for monks and nuns. In the Early Buddhist tradition, the Vinaya Piṭaka is the collection of training rules promulgated by the Buddha to govern the community of bhikkhus and bhikkhunī, maintaining discipline and collectedness in practice.
This discourse is recorded in the Bhikkhunī Vibhaṅga (the section explaining the rules for bhikkhunī), pointing out violations related to speaking curses or harsh criticism against others. This is one of the paccaya ṭhāna, special causes, arising from a specific situation that the Buddha used to teach the renunciant community about the nature of speech.
The background for establishing this discourse arose from the incident of some bhikkhunī using sharp words, scolding, or cursing companions in order to take revenge or express anger. The Buddha recognized that such actions destroy harmony in the Sangha body and obstruct the development of loving-kindness (mettā), one of the essential qualities in the Buddha’s teaching.
Main Content
The Paraabhisapana discourse states that if a bhikkhunī speaks harsh criticism, scolds, or curses another person, whether out of anger, a spirit of self-defense, or any reason whatever, this is a violating action. Specifically, this action falls under Pācitta nika vatta, a Pātimokkha offense, if there is no special circumstance.
The teaching of the discourse says that speech has profound power. A curse not only wounds the mind of another, but also reflects the state of painful anger (dosa) in oneself. On the path of Buddhist practice, speech is regarded as a channel through which inner intention is expressed. When one speaks curses, the practitioner at that moment is nourishing the seeds of greed, hatred, and delusion, the three fundamental poisons of the human mind.
The basic principle here is Right Speech (sammā-vācā), one of the eight limbs of the Noble Eightfold Path.
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