San Lo Bi Vb Pc 87Cursing Another
Pāli / Sanskrit:Paraabhisapana
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The Scripture on Insulting Another (Paraabhisapana Sutta)
Context
This rule is recorded in the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda Buddhist tradition, specifically in the Pātimokkha, the Rule of the Fourfold Treasure, in the Pācittiya section, rules concerning the lighter disturbances within the Sangha's legal system. Paraabhisapana, or "insulting another," is a disciplinary violation related to improper speech.
In the context of the early Sangha community, the Buddha established detailed regulations to protect harmony, mutual respect, and the development of compassion within the monastic community. This rule is not arbitrary punishment, but an educational tool to help those gone forth understand speech and action that accord with the Buddhist path.
Main Content
The Paraabhisapana rule prohibits bhikkhus from using language of criticism, insult, or cursing toward another person, especially companions on the path of practice. Insulting is not only vulgar speech or name-calling, but also includes words intended as harsh criticism, mockery, or psychological injury.
According to the Theravāda tradition, this conduct is regarded as a Pācittiya offense because: first, it directly harms another person's mind through speech; second, it destroys harmony and trust in the community of practice; third, it goes against the principle of Fearlessness (Abhaya), the removal of fear from others.
This rule applies equally: whoever the person insulted may be, whether a senior bhikkhu or one newly entered into the Sangha, it is still a violation requiring confession. This reflects the philosophy of Theravāda Buddhism that everyone in the community deserves respect and protection from harmful speech.
Practical Meaning
Spiritually, this rule teaches us that practice is not only the control of body and mind, but especially the control of speech.
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