Lzh Mu Bi Pm Sk 58Na phuphukkāraka
Pāli / Sanskrit:Na phuphukkāraka
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Exposition of the Na phuphukkāraka Sutra
Background
The Na phuphukkāraka Sutra (Pāli: นะผุผุกการะกะ) belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka in the Pāli Canon and is part of the disciplinary regulations for bhikkhus in the Buddhist Sangha. The Vinaya Piṭaka was compiled to regulate the actions, speech, and thoughts of renunciants, thereby protecting the purity of the Sangha and maintaining the ethical foundation for the journey to liberation.
The title of this sutra carries the meaning of persons who should not receive full ordination or are not worthy of official recognition in the Sangha. The word “Na” (ไม่) means “not,” while “phuphukkāraka” is related to doing unlawful things or failing to observe basic principles. This is one of the important rules that protects the mechanism for recruiting and approving bhikkhus in the Buddhist community.
The historical context of this sutra is connected with incidents in the early Sangha, when moral standards were not yet clear and concrete guidance needed to be established. The Buddha taught these regulations to ensure that those who entered the Sangha would all observe a high ethical standard.
Main Content
The Na phuphukkāraka Sutra clearly states the conditions and excluding conditions (anaraha) under which a bhikkhu should not receive full ordination or official recognition. These standards include serious violations such as acts of sexual misconduct, abuse of spiritual authority, or actions that harm the unity of the Sangha.
The sutra especially emphasizes preventing individuals with a history of losing control or being unable to maintain purity of character (sīla, morality). In the Theravāda tradition, this is one of the key factors in protecting the integrity of the Sangha. The detailed regulations are recorded in the Sutta and Bhikkhunī Vibhaṅga sections, the detailed explanations of rules for bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs.
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