Lzh Mu Bi Pm Pc 58Legitimate Correction
Pāli / Sanskrit:Sahadhammika
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Sahadhammika Discourse (Legitimate Correction)
Background
Sahadhammika is recorded in the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda Buddhist tradition, specifically in the Pātimokkha section. This discourse arose from situations within the Sangha when bhikkhus needed to correct one another regarding actions, speech, or states of mind not in accordance with the precepts. The word “Sahadhammika” means “in accordance with the Dharma” or “legitimate correction,” that is, intervention or instruction given to another on the basis of the Dharma (Dhamma) taught by the Buddha.
This background reflects the principle of the monastic community, where renunciants not only practice for themselves but also have responsibility to support one another in maintaining the integrity of virtue. These are not provisions imposed arbitrarily, but conscious cooperation intended to raise the quality of shared practice.
Main Content
Sahadhammika identifies the essential conditions under which mutual correction in the Sangha is considered legitimate and effective. First, the one correcting must act fully in accordance with the Dharma, acting according to the Dharma without being governed by personal interest or ambition. Second, the motive must be for the benefit of the one corrected, as well as for the community, not to display superiority or to punish.
The discourse emphasizes that the one giving correction must be well-versed in the Dharma, with deep understanding of the teachings and the discipline; well-versed in the Vinaya, the rules of the community; and well-versed in the principles of the Sangha. Most importantly, the correction must be carried out with loving concern, not with arrogance or agitation. The manner of correction must also suit the time and occasion, and should not create public conflict or unreasonably shame the person being corrected.
In addition, the person being corrected also has the responsibility to receive such correction humbly.
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