Lzh Mi Bi Vb Pc 133Complaining About Others
Pāli / Sanskrit:Paraujjhāpanaka
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Explanation of the Paraujjhāpanaka Sutra (The Sutra on Accusing Others)
Background
The Paraujjhāpanaka Sutra belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka in the Theravada Buddhist tradition, specifically in the Pācittiya section, if the rule is for nuns, or among rules concerning the purification of the monastic community. The Vinaya Pitaka records the disciplinary teachings that the Buddha established for male disciples (bhikkhus) and female disciples (bhikkhunīs) in order to protect the spirit of the Sangha and maintain pure conduct in the holy life.
The title "Paraujjhāpanaka" is translated from two Pāli words: "para" (another person) and "ujjhāpanaka" (accusing, complaining). This sutra reflects situations within the monastic community where members might be stirred up or use divisive speech. This is a common problem in any community, especially where many people live together under shared rules.
Main Content
According to the spirit of the Vinaya Pitaka, this sutra regulates the conduct of accusing, complaining, or inciting others in a way that creates division or disharmony in the Sangha. Speaking ill of others, especially in order to create friction among monastics or between monastics and laypeople, is regarded as a violation of the precepts.
The gravity of this rule depends on the intention (cetanā) of the speaker: whether they intentionally create division, whether the speech contains falsehood, and whether its consequences harm the unity of the community. The Buddha emphasized that a true practitioner should not intentionally harm another person's reputation or exploit that person's faults for accusation with a personal aim.
The sutra teaches that if a monastic wishes to speak about another's faults, this should be done directly, honestly, and with the intention to help, not to seek personal advantage or cause harm. The distinction between "correction" (puggala-vivicchikamma) and "divisive accusation" (paraujjhāpanaka) is subtle but very important in Buddhist practice.
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