Lzh Mi Bi Pm Pc 25Encouraging Another Monastic to Eat More After Refusing an Invitation
Pāli / Sanskrit:Dutiyapavāraṇā
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Explanation of the Dutiyapavāraṇā Discourse
Encouraging a Fellow Monastic to Eat More After Refusing an Invitation
Background
Dutiyapavāraṇā is part of the Vinaya Piṭaka of the early Buddhist tradition, found among the rules concerning the lifestyle of bhikkhus. This discourse reflects subtle regulations concerning etiquette in the monastic community (Sangha), especially in relation to accepting, refusing, or encouraging further food.
The historical background of this discourse arises from specific situations in the life of the Sangha during the Buddha’s time. When laypeople offered food to bhikkhus, the monastics usually observed standards of dignity and independent self-restraint. However, there were cases in which a bhikkhu refused an invitation for more food from the host, while another fellow monastic might encourage him to accept it for reasons of health or specific conditions. This discourse regulates how such situations should be handled reasonably and in accordance with the principles of training.
Main Content
Dutiyapavāraṇā refers to the case in which a bhikkhu, after having once refused an invitation for more food (pavāraṇā), is encouraged by another fellow monastic to eat more. This rule is not rigidity, but purposeful flexibility.
According to the Vinaya Piṭaka, when a bhikkhu refuses an invitation to receive more food, this is usually regarded as an expression of self-restraint and non-greed. However, if another bhikkhu, perhaps a senior or a close fellow practitioner, sees that he has a real need because of illness, weakness, or special circumstances, then a second encouragement (dutiya, meaning second) is permitted and may even be regarded as an act of compassion.
The important point is that this rule does not allow unlimited encouragement or repeated urging at any time. It is limited to two occasions: first, the original invitation (pavāraṇā), and second, the second encouragement (dutiyapavāraṇā). After these two, if the bhikkhu still refuses, his decision must be respected.
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