Lzh Mg Bu Pm Np 16Carrying Wool
Pāli / Sanskrit:Eḷakaloma
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Commentary on the Eḷakaloma Sutta (Goat's Wool)
Background
The Eḷakaloma Sutta is recorded in the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Pāli Canon, specifically within the Bhikkhunī Pātimokkha—the code of rules for nuns. The context in which this sutta appears relates to disciplinary infractions that occurred within the community of female renunciants during the time of the Buddha at Sāvatthi.
These events took place when certain nuns were not properly observing the principles governing clothing and personal requisites. In particular, this sutta addresses the matter of using goat's hair or goat's wool in the making of garments, a material that was commonly available at that time. The Buddha, perceiving aspects of practice in need of correction, set forth specific guidelines regarding the materials permitted for use in the daily life and training of his female disciples.
Principal Content
The Eḷakaloma Sutta stipulates that nuns are permitted to use goat's wool in the making of garments for the purpose of warmth, especially in regions with cold climates. However, such use is not without limit but must conform to certain governing principles.
First, goat's wool is permitted for use, but may only be obtained from animals that have died naturally or been killed humanely—participation in the commercial slaughter of animals is not allowed. This reflects the foundational principle of Non-Harming (Ahiṁsā) within the Buddha's teaching.
Second, the preparation of goat's wool must follow prescribed steps. The wool must be cleaned and thoroughly washed before use, so as to avoid impurity or discomfort to the wearer. The quantity and amount of wool used must likewise be appropriate to the actual needs of the garment, avoiding waste or excessive ornamentation.
Third, the sutta affirms that articles made from goat's wool—such as patches on robes or warm lining—are to be used solely for basic practical needs, and not out of concern for aesthetics or luxury. The spirit of restraint and humility in the practice of the Path is the central point.
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