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– DHARMAGUPTAKA VINAYA

– ŚAIKṢA-KARAṆĪYA

RULE 42

At one time, the Buddha was dwelling in the Anāthapiṇḍika Garden, the Jeta Grove, in the land of Śrāvastī. At that time, a householder invited the bhikkhus to make an offering of fine and nourishing foods on the following morning. During the night he prepared everything completely, and early in the morning he came to invite the Saṅgha to come and receive the meal.

The bhikkhus put on their robes, took their bowls, and went to the householder's home, taking their seats in the appointed places. The householder personally served the food with his own hands. The group of six bhikkhus chewed their food making noise, and the householder took offence and said: "These Śākyan monastics have no sense of shame. They receive without knowing satisfaction. Outwardly they claim to know the true Dharma. What Dharma is there in this? They eat like pigs, dogs, camels, donkeys, birds, and crows!"

The bhikkhus heard this, and among them were those of few desires and contentment, who practiced the ascetic disciplines, delighted in training in the precepts, and who had a sense of shame. They reproached the group of six bhikkhus: "Why do you chew food making noise?"

The bhikkhus went to where the Blessed One was, paid homage at his feet, and then sat to one side. They reported this matter in full to the Blessed One. The Blessed One, on account of this matter, assembled the community of bhikkhus and rebuked the group of six bhikkhus… as before, up to the passage: "From this day forward, I shall lay down a rule for the bhikkhus comprising ten bases of meaning," up to the passage, "so that the true Dharma may long endure."

Wishing to recite the rule, it should be recited thus:

One should not chew food making noise — this is a śaikṣa-karaṇīya.

A bhikkhu who intentionally chews food making noise commits a duṣkṛta requiring confession. Because it is done with deliberate intent, it constitutes the duṣkṛta of improper conduct. If it is done without deliberate intent, it is still a duṣkṛta.

For bhikkhunīs, śikṣamāṇās, śrāmaṇeras, and śrāmaṇerīs, it is a duṣkṛta. This is called an offense.

Non-offense: If one has some illness; or if one eats dry rice, burnt rice, sugarcane, melon, mango, jambolan fruit, grapes, walnuts, pears, pears of the fēng variety, and similar fruits — there is no offense.

Non-offenders: one who commits the act for the first time before the rule has been established; one who is insane, mentally disturbed, or in extreme pain and distress.

Vietnamese translation: Bhikkhu Thích Đỗng Minh and Thích Đức Thắng. DHARMAGUPTAKA VINAYA, PART ONE

Chinese translation: Tripiṭaka Masters Buddhayaśas and Zhu Fonian.

Revised and annotated by: Bhikkhu Thích Nguyên Chứng

(Chinese translation, fascicles 1–21; Vietnamese translation, volumes 1 and 2)

Buddhist Publication Committee, 2002