Bu Sk 11. Not wearing the sarong evenly all around
Pāli / Sanskrit:Parimaṇḍala
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The Parimaṇḍala Sutta: Wearing the Undergarment Unevenly
Background
The Parimaṇḍala Sutta (Bu Sk 1) belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda Buddhist tradition. It is one of the minor training rules (Sekhiya Dhamma) in the monastic code, directly concerning the proper conduct of monastics with regard to dress.
In the time of the Buddha, bhikkhus were required to wear the sarong (the undergarment, or lower robe, known as the ticīvara—the set of three robes) in a modest and proper manner. The sarong is the innermost garment, worn around the hips and thighs to cover the body. The manner of wearing it was not merely a matter of dress, but reflected the spirit of practice: carefulness, humility, and respect for virtue.
This sutta was recorded after the Buddha had promulgated the rule, as a reminder to bhikkhus of the importance of maintaining good habits in daily life. It is a representative example of the Vinaya Piṭaka, where even the smallest details are regarded as part of the complete path of cultivation.
Main Content
The Parimaṇḍala Sutta sets forth that a bhikkhu should not wear the sarong carelessly or unevenly. "Parimaṇḍala" (pari-maṇḍala) means "evenly all around," referring to the manner of wearing the undergarment so that it rests neatly around the body in a symmetrical and proper way. This stands in contrast to wearing the undergarment loosely, in a slovenly fashion, or without proper coverage.
The reason behind this rule is not merely one of aesthetics or habit, but of sīla (virtue) and hirī (moral shame, self-awareness). When a bhikkhu dresses properly, he demonstrates respect for himself, respect for the Dharma, and respect for the purpose of going forth into homelessness. This is an expression of being "without residue" (anissita—not relying upon worldly desires).
Furthermore, wearing the robe evenly is connected to the cultivation of ānantariyasampadā (completeness in action). These small details were regarded by the Buddha as the foundation for greater practices.
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