San Sarv Bu Pm Tf 11 Sk 16Evenly All Around (2nd)
Pāli / Sanskrit:Dutiyaparimaṇḍala
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Explanation of the Dutiyaparimaṇḍala Sutta (The Second Evenly Encompassing Circle)
Background
The Dutiyaparimaṇḍala Sutta belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda tradition of the Buddha-Dharma, where the rules and guidance for conduct for the community of monks and nuns are preserved. This text concerns regulations on the arrangement of space, organization, and order in communal activities of the Sangha.
The word "Parimaṇḍala" means "circle" or "evenly surrounded," referring to geometric forms of arrangement in the space of study and practice. The prefix "Dutiya" means "second," indicating that this is the second time these rules are stated or explained again. The background of Vinaya texts often concerns practical situations arising in the life of the Sangha, when the Buddha or the elders who convened the Sangha handled disputes, resolved matters of conduct, or established rules to protect harmony in the community.
Main Content
The specific content of this sutta has not yet been fully translated in the available materials. However, according to the context of the Vinaya Piṭaka, the Dutiyaparimaṇḍala Sutta concerns regulations on how members of the Sangha are arranged in formal meetings (Saṅghasammati) or in collective practice activities. The form of an "evenly encompassing circle" is especially important because it expresses the principle of equality and non-discrimination within the Buddhist community.
In the Theravāda tradition, arranging space in communal meetings is not a trivial matter. It reflects deep principles of equality among monastics, regardless of their appearance, origin, or level of practice. The "circle" arrangement is also regarded as a symbol of the Dharma Wheel (Dharmachakra), turning and spreading the Buddha-Dharma fairly everywhere, without distinction of direction or special position.
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