San Sarv Bu Pm Tf 11 Pc 90Robe Size

Explanation of the Sugatacīvara Discourse (Robe Size)

Context

The Sugatacīvara discourse (Pāli: Sugatacīvara) belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka, specifically the Pātimokkha, the code of rules for bhikkhus. It is one of the disciplinary sections concerning the management of a practitioner’s property, especially monastic clothing (cīvara).

The setting is the sacred site of Sāvatthī, where events frequently occurred that led the Buddha and the Sangha to establish rules of training. This discourse records a specific situation: some bhikkhus did not observe the proper standards concerning the size and number of robes they were permitted to use. Such actions contradicted the spirit of the Dharma, the spirit of renunciation, restraint, and freedom from craving for material things, and caused a loss of discipline within the Sangha.

To remedy this situation, the Buddha established a clear rule regarding the maximum size and number of robes that a bhikkhu may possess, forming one of the Pācitta, light offenses, in the code.

Main Content

The Sugatacīvara discourse states that a bhikkhu may possess a robe (Sugatacīvara, the robe of the Fully Awakened One) only within a certain prescribed standard of size. Specifically, the length of the robe should not be excessive, and its width must fit the body adequately. If a bhikkhu intentionally makes or uses a robe whose size exceeds the prescribed standard, that is, too large or too long, he violates a pācitta rule.

The reason for establishing this rule has many depths: first, it prevents pride and display through clothing; second, it ensures that a bhikkhu does not create needless distinction between himself and others; third, it conserves material, an important principle in a monastic community living from offerings. The robe is not a means for expressing status or wealth, but only an outer covering, showing separation from worldly demands.