San Mu Bu Pm GBM 2 Pc 35Encouraging Another Monastic to Eat More After Refusing an Invitation
Pāli / Sanskrit:Dutiyapavāraṇā
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The Dutiyapavāraṇā Sutta: Encouraging a Bhikkhu to Eat More After Refusing an Invitation
Background
The Dutiyapavāraṇā Sutta, from "dutiya" meaning "second" and "pavāraṇā" meaning "invitation" or "encouragement," is recorded in the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda tradition. This is a rule concerning the way of life and ethics of those gone forth within the monastic portion of the Sangha.
In the context of early Buddhism, eating a meal is an important part of practice. Bhikkhus should not be greedy for food, but neither should they neglect the health of the body, since the body is an instrument for practicing the Dharma. This rule concerns a special situation: when a bhikkhu refuses an invitation to eat or has not eaten enough, others may encourage him to eat more, provided that doing so does not violate the principles of moderation.
Main Content
The Dutiyapavāraṇā Sutta deals with a subtle point in the Vinaya: whether it is improper for one bhikkhu to encourage another to eat more after he has refused once. This relates to respecting each individual’s choice while also considering collective health.
According to the Vinaya Piṭaka, if a bhikkhu refuses an invitation to eat once but continues his daily activities normally, such as practicing meditation, attending scripture study sessions, and so forth, then encouraging him to eat more is not considered an offense. However, if he clearly shows signs of weakness or illness due to lack of food, then others have the responsibility to offer advice.
This rule reflects a core principle of the Vinaya Piṭaka: balance among personal self-mastery (attabhāva-sampadam), encouragement of effort (viriya-paramī), and concern for the welfare of the Sangha (Saṅgha-hitaṃ). What matters is the intention of the one who encourages: if the intention is to help and care, not to cause inconvenience, then the act is accepted.
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