Lzh Sarv Bu Pm Pc 12Complaining
Pāli / Sanskrit:Ujjhāpanaka
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Explanation of the Ujjhāpanaka Sutta (The Discourse on Complaining)
Background
Ujjhāpanaka is a disciplinary rule found in the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravada Buddhist tradition. This text belongs to the Pātimokkha section in the Vinaya, specifically within the rules for monastics (Bhikkhu Pātimokkha). It concerns the conduct of bhikkhus when complaints or grievances arise in the Sangha community.
According to the historical context, these rules were gradually established by the Buddha in order to maintain discipline and harmony among monks and nuns. When quarrels, misunderstandings, or dissatisfaction occurred among members of the Sangha, the Buddha and the senior disciples set forth specific guidelines for resolving them. Ujjhāpanaka, meaning "complaining" or "dissatisfaction" (from ujjhāpana, complaint), refers to the situation in which a bhikkhu complains about the actions or decisions of the Sangha, or of other bhikkhus.
Main Content
This rule states that when a bhikkhu has a complaint, he must handle it in a way consistent with the Dharma and discipline of the Sangha. The important point is that the method of presenting the complaint, the reason for it, and the way it is resolved must follow official principles. A bhikkhu is not permitted to complain publicly in a way that disturbs the harmony of the Sangha, but must present the matter through appropriate channels.
If the complaint is legitimate, based on the Dharma and Vinaya, others have the responsibility to listen and consider it. However, if the complaint arises from hostility, jealousy, or mere teasing, it is conduct inappropriate for a bhikkhu. This rule reminds us that complaint must be fair, based on fact, and made with proper intention, not out of self-control or protection of personal interest.
The rule of ujjhāpanaka is also related to the concept of "anuruddha," responding in an appropriate manner.
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