Lzh Sarv Bi Pm Pc 69Beds and Benches
Pāli / Sanskrit:Mañcapīṭha
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An Explanation of the Mañcapīṭha Sutta (Beds and Benches)
Background
The Mañcapīṭha Sutta is one of the important regulations belonging to the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda tradition, located in the Pārājika section or among rules concerning the gravest offenses in the Sangha. The background of this sutta concerns the daily life of bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs, especially the use of dwelling requisites.
According to tradition, the Buddha laid down these rules because he saw his disciples using beds and benches that were too high and too ornate, contrary to the spirit of humility and renunciation in Buddhist practice. Such luxurious items could cause one to forget the purpose of going forth, obstruct mindfulness, and create conditions for sensual desire to arise. Therefore the Buddha established specific rules to guide monks and nuns in proper use.
Main Content
The Mañcapīṭha Sutta regulates the height and materials of beds (mañca) and benches (pīṭha) that bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs may use in the life of practice. According to the rule, beds and benches are regarded as requisites for moderate comfort, but they must not exceed certain standards.
Specifically, the height of a bed must not exceed one and a half cubits, about 45 centimeters, and its surface must be sturdy and suitable. If a bhikkhu uses a bed or bench that is too high, has many layered cushions, or is decorated with precious materials such as ivory, rhinoceros horn, or other luxurious substances, this is considered a violation. This violation is not among the gravest offenses (Pārājika), but belongs to Nissaggiya Pācittiya, an offense requiring the relinquishing of the item and confession.
The purpose of this rule is not to restrict comfort absolutely, but to maintain balance: basic health needs are met, while the spirit of humility and renunciation of sensual desire is not weakened. The rule helps members of the Sangha live a simple life, training the will and becoming free from bondage to material things.
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