Lzh Mu Bu Vb Pc 16Throwing Out a Monastic

Nikkaḍḍhana Sutta: Expelling a Monastic (Nikkaḍḍhana Sutta)

Background

In the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda tradition, Nikkaḍḍhana is a rule belonging to the Pātimokkha, specifically within the Pācittiya section, offenses requiring confession. This rule arose from the need to maintain purity and discipline in the Sangha when members acted in ways inconsistent with the Dharma.

The word “Nikkaḍḍhana” indicates the act of excluding a monk or nun from the Sangha because of disciplinary violations or actions contrary to the Dharma. This is a strict disciplinary measure, applied when other methods are ineffective.

Main Content

Nikkaḍḍhana states that when a monk or nun repeatedly violates the Pācittiya rules, especially faults related to misconduct, failure to follow the guidance of the Sangha, or actions that damage trust and harmony, the Sangha may decide to exclude that person from the community. This act of exclusion must be carried out through an official meeting of the Sangha, with the presence of formal members and in accordance with the prescribed procedure.

This exclusion is not a permanent punishment, but a temporary measure intended to require the person to confess, resume practice, and demonstrate a determination to observe the Dharma. However, it may continue if the excluded person cannot demonstrate true remorse.

This rule not only protects the purity of the Sangha, but also provides an opportunity for the individual to repent. It reflects the principle of balance between compassion (karuṇā) and discipline in Theravāda Buddhism, never abandoning the hope of transformation.

Practical Meaning

Nikkaḍḍhana is not merely an administrative rule.