Lzh Mu Bi Pm Pc 41Living With an Ejected Monastic
Pāli / Sanskrit:Ukkhittasambhoga
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Discourse on Living With One Who Has Been Expelled
Background
The Ukkhittasambhoga discourse is part of the Vinaya Piṭaka, especially within the Bhikkhunī Vibhaṅga, the disciplinary section for bhikkhunīs. This discourse arose from a specific situation in the early community of practice under the Buddha, when the enforcement of monastic discipline became necessary to maintain the purity and order of the Sangha.
In the context of Theravāda Buddhism, when a bhikkhu or bhikkhunī has been expelled (ukkhitta) from the Sangha because of serious violations of the precepts, that person may still live near the community but is spiritually isolated. This discourse addresses specific conduct concerning what such persons may or may not do, and how the remaining members of the Sangha should act toward them.
Main Content
The Ukkhittasambhoga discourse sets out clear rules concerning the “restricted association” (sambhoga) of one who has been expelled. The main purpose is to protect the purity of bhikkhunīs who remain in good standing, while also creating conditions for the expelled person to have the opportunity to correct her conduct.
According to the Vinaya, one who has been expelled is not allowed to participate in official Sangha activities such as communal recitation, recitation of the Pātimokkha, or assemblies for clarifying the discipline. Nevertheless, members of the Sangha still have a compassionate responsibility to maintain certain standards in daily interaction.
The discourse states that other bhikkhunīs must not share personal requisites, sleep in the same place, or take part in common recreational activities with the expelled person. These measures are not punishments for the sake of punishment, but purposeful forms of separation, intended to show the seriousness of the fault and create motivation for the person to repent and carry out corrective actions.
Practical Meaning
The deepest meaning of Ukkhittasambhoga lies in the balance between compassion and discipline.
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