San Mg Bu Pm Pc 46Living With an Ejected Monastic
Pāli / Sanskrit:Ukkhittasambhoga
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An Explanation of the Ukkhittasambhoga Text (Living Together With a Monastic Who Has Been Phambbhāgā)
Background
The Ukkhittasambhoga text (Pāli: ukkhitta = cast out; sambhoga = living together, sharing) originates in the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda Buddha-Dharma tradition. These are detailed regulations concerning the discipline of the Sangha, recorded in the Pātimokkha and in the commentarial sections of the Sutta Vibhaṅga.
The background of the text arises from actual situations in the early community of monastic followers. When a monastic violated serious rules or refused to accept instruction, the community would carry out a disciplinary measure called “Phambbhāgā” (pabbhāgā = cast out, ekodibhāva = separation). The pages of the Vinaya Piṭaka record specific cases and the way to handle them when other monastics must have contact with or live together with this cast-out monastic.
Main Content
The Ukkhittasambhoga text addresses an important issue: how can other monastics interact with a monastic who has been Phambbhāgā without violating the rules of discipline?
According to the Vinaya Piṭaka, a monastic who has been cast out is not permitted to participate in communal activities such as eating together, chanting together, or sharing full standing in meetings of the Sangha. However, for practical reasons, such as living in the same vihāra, sharing living space, or having medical needs, certain forms of contact are unavoidable.
The text states that monastics may have contact with the one who has been cast out in necessary circumstances, provided they do not violate what is meant by “sambhoga,” full sharing of status or the privileges of monastic life. They may speak, work together, and even stay in the same place, but they must not recognize that person as a normal practitioner.
The detailed part of this text emphasizes the distinction between “living together physically” and “sharing spiritual privileges.”
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