Lzh Mi Bi Pm Sk 87Standing
Pāli / Sanskrit:Ṭhita
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Explanation of the Ṭhita Sutta (Standing Firm)
Background
The Ṭhita Sutta belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka in the Theravāda tradition of the Buddha-Dharma, the earliest recorded body of monastic law in Buddhism. The Vinaya Piṭaka is not only a code of conduct, but also a clear mirror of how monastics maintain diligence and concentration in communal life.
The Ṭhita Sutta (Standing Firm) is listed among the most ancient legal texts, reflecting the early Sangha’s contemplation of mental stability and consistency in practice. The word "Ṭhita" means standing firm, stable, unshaken, a fundamental state that a bhikkhu must maintain in order to observe correctly the Dharma rules he has vowed to keep. The context in which this sutta arose was the time when the Buddha and the Sangha established ethical foundations to protect purity and respect in the life of the people.
Main Content
The Ṭhita Sutta emphasizes that a bhikkhu or bhikkhunī must "stand firm" in three basic domains: moral discipline (sīla), concentration (samādhi), and wisdom (paññā), the three domains that form the Threefold Training (Tisikkhā).
"Standing firm in moral discipline" means not being moved by the temptations of lust, aggression, and delusion. A bhikkhu must observe the Pātimokkha rules with deep self-awareness, not out of fear or expectation, but because he clearly sees the value of ethical purity.
"Standing firm in concentration" is the ability to keep the mind here and now, not brooding over the past or worrying about the future. Through meditation (jhāna), the mind is not governed by the five hindrances (nivaraṇa): sensual desire, ill will, sloth and torpor, restlessness and remorse, and doubt.
"Standing firm in wisdom" is to understand the Four Noble Truths (Cattāri Ariya-saccāni), knowing how to distinguish what supports progress in practice from what wastes time.
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