Lzh Dg Bi Pm Pc 97Outside Their Own Country
Pāli / Sanskrit:Tiroraṭṭha
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Tiroraṭṭha Sutta - Outside One’s Own Country
Background
The Tiroraṭṭha Sutta is a disciplinary rule belonging to the Pātimokkha in the traditional Theravāda Vinaya Piṭaka. It records a regulation concerning the conduct and responsibility of bhikkhus when they are outside their own country. This is part of the detailed regulations intended to protect the purity of the Sangha body and maintain order in practice within the community of Buddhist renunciants.
In the social context of ancient India, bhikkhus often moved from place to place and were affected by local people and differing conditions. The Vinaya Piṭaka established by the Buddha is precisely a set of practical instructions by which bhikkhus maintain a pure state of Dharma, without falling into troublesome or improper situations caused by uncontrolled ways of acting.
Main Content
The Tiroraṭṭha rule addresses the issue of a bhikkhu’s conduct when he is outside his own country, that is, outside the place where he usually resides or where there is a bhikkhu community with which he has committed to live. The sutta records that when a bhikkhu stays in an area different from what is recognized as “his own country” (raṭṭha), he must observe certain regulations concerning conduct and public responsibility.
Specifically, when a bhikkhu is outside his own country, his actions may affect the local people and the reputation of the Sangha body in that place. Therefore, regulations concerning behavior, public actions, and reporting or informing the local community become especially important. The purpose is to ensure that bhikkhus do not take advantage of being guests or outside familiar territory to avoid responsibility or act contrary to the discipline.
The sutta is also related to questions of authority to regulate conduct and the capacity to carry out disciplinary measures in the bhikkhu community. When a bhikkhu is a stranger in a region, the local bhikkhus still have the authority and responsibility to supervise his conduct in order to maintain the purity of the Dharma.
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