Bu Np 11. The training rule on keeping extra robe-cloth beyond ten days
Pāli / Sanskrit:Kathina
A monk who keeps extra robe-cloth for more than ten day must relinquish the robe-cloth and confess the offense.
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Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law The Great Analysis
The chapter on relinquishment The subchapter on robes 1. The training rule on keeping extra robe-cloth beyond ten days
Venerables, these thirty rules on relinquishment and confession come up for recitation.
Origin story First sub-story At one time when the Buddha was staying at Vesālī at the Gotamaka Shrine, he allowed the three robes for the monks. When they heard about this, the monks from the group of six went to the village in one set of three robes, stayed in the monastery in another set, and went to bathe in yet another set. The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, “How can the monks from the group of six keep extra robes?”
After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: “Is it true, monks, that you do this?”
“It’s true, sir.”
The Buddha rebuked them … “Foolish men, how can you do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
Preliminary ruling
‘If a monk keeps an extra robe, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.’”
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks. Second sub-story Soon afterwards Venerable Ānanda was offered an extra robe. He wanted to give it to Venerable Sāriputta who was staying at Sāketa. Knowing that the Buddha had laid down a rule against having extra robes, Ānanda thought, “What should I do now?” He told the Buddha, who said, “How long is it, Ānanda, before Sāriputta returns?”
“Nine or ten days.”
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: “Monks, you should keep an extra robe for ten days at the most. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
Final ruling
‘When his robe is finished and the robe season has ended, a monk should keep an extra robe for ten days at the most. If he keeps it longer than that, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.’”
Definitions
When his robe is finished: the monk has made a robe; or the robe-cloth has been lost, destroyed, or burned; or his expectation of receiving further robe-cloth is disappointed. The robe season has ended: it has ended according to one of the eight key phrases or the Sangha has ended it. For ten days at the most: it should be kept ten days at a maximum. An extra robe: it has not been determined nor assigned to another. Robe: one of the six kinds of robe-cloth, but not smaller than what can be assigned to another. If he keeps it longer than that, it becomes subject to relinquishment: it becomes subject to relinquishment at dawn on the eleventh day.
The robe-cloth should be relinquished to a sangha, a group, or an individual. “And, monks, it should be relinquished like this. After approaching the Sangha, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder and pay respect at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say:
‘Venerables, this robe-cloth, which I have kept over ten days, is to be relinquished. I relinquish it to the Sangha.’”
After relinquishing it, he should confess the offense. The confession should be received by a competent and capable monk. The relinquished robe-cloth is then to be given back:
“Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. This robe-cloth, which was to be relinquished by monk so-and-so, has been relinquished to the Sangha. If the Sangha is ready, it should give this robe-cloth back to monk so-and-so.”
Or: after approaching several monks, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder and pay respect at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say:
“Venerables, this robe-cloth, which I have kept over ten days, is to be relinquished. I relinquish it to you.”
After relinquishing it, he should confess the offense. The confession should be received by a competent and capable monk. The relinquished robe-cloth is then to be given back:
“Please, venerables, I ask you to listen. This robe-cloth, which was to be relinquished by monk so-and-so, has been relinquished to you. If the venerables are ready, you should give this robe-cloth back to monk so-and-so.”
Or: after approaching a single monk, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say:
“This robe-cloth, which I have kept over ten days, is to be relinquished. I relinquish it to you.”
After relinquishing it, he should confess the offense. The confession should be received by that monk. The relinquished robe-cloth is then to be given back:
“I give this robe-cloth back to you.”
Permutations
If it is more than ten days and he perceives it as more, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it is more than ten days, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it is more than ten days, but he perceives it as less, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.
If it has not been determined, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it has not been assigned to another, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it has not been given away, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.
If it has not been lost, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it has not been destroyed, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it has not been burned, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.
If it has not been stolen, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.
If he uses robe-cloth that should be relinquished without first relinquishing it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is less than ten days, but he perceives it as more, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is less than ten days, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is less than ten days and he perceives it as less, there is no offense.
Non-offenses
There is no offense: if within ten days it has been determined, assigned to another, given away, lost, destroyed, burned, stolen, or taken on trust; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.
Soon afterwards the monks from the group of six did not give back relinquished robe-cloth. They told the Buddha.
“Monks, relinquished robe-cloth should be given back. If you don’t give it back, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”
The training rule on keeping extra robe-cloth beyond ten days, the first, is finished.
The “…” is an abbreviation carried over from the Pāli original itself, called peyyāla. The early canon was memorized and recited, so passages repeated verbatim from a preceding discourse were commonly contracted to an elision mark rather than written out in full. Venerable Thích Minh Châu's translation preserves this convention. Some texts therefore look short — but that is the canonical form, not missing content or a truncated translation. The elided passages can be read in full in the preceding discourses of the same chapter.
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