Bi Sk 1212. Laughing loudly
Pāli / Sanskrit:Dutiyaujjagghika
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Commentary on the Sutta on Laughing Loudly (Dutiyaujjagghika)
Background
The Sutta on Laughing Loudly is a section within the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda tradition, belonging to the Bhikkhuṇī Saṃvara Khaṇḍa, which concerns regulations regarding the conduct and deportment of Buddhist nuns. In the context of the early Buddhist monastic community, the Buddha established specific rules to assist his disciples—particularly the nuns—in cultivating themselves in a manner befitting a life of pure virtue.
This sutta reflects an actual situation that arose within the Buddha's community of monks and nuns. Upon recognizing that the behavior of laughing loudly among the nuns was incompatible with the modesty and self-respect required in the contemplative life, the Buddha offered guidance and established a rule. This was not an absolute prohibition, but rather an educative instruction intended to protect the dignity of the Sangha and to create a favorable impression in society.
Main Content
In the spirit of the Theravāda Vinaya Piṭaka, the Dutiyaujjagghika addresses the matter of inappropriate modes of expression in the restrained life of the nuns. Laughing loudly (ujjagghika) is regarded as a breach of dignified decorum, unsuitable for those who have gone forth into homelessness and bear the responsibility of upholding the wholesome image of the Sangha.
The Buddha did not forbid joy or cheerfulness altogether, but rather regulated the manner of its expression. One who is training may smile, but should do so with composure and discretion, without allowing one's countenance to appear agitated or unrestrained. This reflects the fundamental principle of the Vinaya Piṭaka: those of noble character should guard their fine qualities, so that others may perceive their purity and stability of mind.
The rule concerning laughing loudly is also related to the concept of the Pāṭimokkha—the code of discipline—and its detailed provisions aimed at preserving the esteem of the Sangha in the eyes of the public.
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