Xct Mu Bi Sk 18Covering the Head
Pāli / Sanskrit:Oguṇṭhita
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The Oguṇṭhita Text — Covering the Head
Background
The Oguṇṭhita text (Covering the Head) belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda Buddha-Dharma tradition, recording rules concerning the clothing and conduct of bhikkhus. The background of this text arose from specific situations in the shared life of the Sangha under the Buddha’s guidance. As the Sangha expanded, regulations were needed to maintain discipline, distinguish Buddhist disciples from others, and protect the image of the community.
The issue of covering the head is directly related to rules concerning the way bhikkhus dress and present themselves. In Indian society at that time, clothing and head coverings carried meanings of honor, social status, and attitude. Buddhist bhikkhus needed to be clearly distinct, avoiding luxurious appearance or deviation from the humble spirit of the community.
Main Content
The text states that bhikkhus should not cover the whole head with a robe or cloth. Covering the head completely was regarded as an action unsuitable to the status of one gone forth, because it seemed to conceal one’s appearance, express arrogance, or imitate the lifestyle of those who were not Buddhist practitioners.
Specifically, bhikkhus may wear an outer robe (uttarāsaṅga) to cover the shoulders and back, but the head should remain uncovered. If it is raining or the sun is very strong, one may cover part of the head with a robe or cloth, but should not cover it entirely as a habit or in the manner of non-Buddhists.
The basic principle of this regulation is to maintain purity, clarity, and propriety in keeping with the dignity of the Sangha. Every act of adornment or appearance of a bhikkhu must reflect discipline (sīla) and meditative practice. The uncovered head is a symbol of honesty and non-concealment.
Practical Meaning
More deeply, the text teaches that a bhikkhu should live openly, without guarding or concealing his nature.
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