Xct Mu Bi Pm Pc 58Legitimate Correction

DISCOURSE ON LEGITIMATE CORRECTION

Sahadhammika Pātimokkha Visuddhi

Context

In the Vinaya Piṭaka of Theravāda Buddhism, the “Sahadhammika” discourse lies in the Pācittiya section, offenses requiring confession independently of the Sangha. This section is recorded in detail in the Pātimokkha, the discipline that bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs must observe.

The context in which this discourse arose concerns the question of how to correct faults in the Sangha lawfully. Theravāda Buddhism places great importance on the purity of monastics (pārisuddhisīla), and when one gone forth violates the discipline, the handling of the matter must follow the principles of the Dharma.

The term “Sahadhammika” (Saha = together with; Dhammika = according to the Dharma) emphasizes that correction or rectification of faults is effective only when it is carried out “together with the Dharma” - that is, in accordance with the proper procedure and spirit of the discipline.

Main Content

This discourse establishes the necessary conditions for correction (admonition) or censure of a member of the Sangha to be considered legitimate. These principles concern not only form, but also require a rightful intention from those who correct.

According to the Vinaya tradition, legitimate correction (sahadhammika) must meet criteria such as these: first, the correction must be based on the proper content of the Dharma, not on personal or factional motives. Second, the method of carrying it out must follow the procedure laid down by the Buddha, including the witnessing of elders or the Sangha. Third, the one who corrects must have a proper heart of compassion, wishing to help a fellow practitioner see his or her fault, not to belittle or punish.

This discourse also determines that not every reprimand is legitimate. Words of correction arising from anger, greed, or delusion have no value from the standpoint of the Dharma.