San Sarv Bi Vb Pc 164Scents and Colors
Pāli / Sanskrit:Gandhavaṇṇaka
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Explanation of the Gandhavaṇṇaka Discourse (Scents and Colors)
Background
The Gandhavaṇṇaka discourse belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka in the Theravāda Buddhist tradition, found in the Bhikkhunī Vibhaṅga, the rules of practice for bhikkhunīs. This discourse arose from specific situations in the community of monks and nuns during the Buddha's time, when female monastics sometimes used fragrances or cosmetics to beautify themselves, which could conflict with the spirit of humility and non-attachment in the renunciant life.
This is part of the Pācittiya rules, minor offenses requiring confession before another bhikkhunī. The background of the arising of this rule reflects the Buddha's concern for preserving concentration, separating oneself from worldly allurements, and maintaining the dignity of the monastic community.
Main Content
The Gandhavaṇṇaka discourse stipulates that bhikkhunīs must not use fragrances, scented oils, or cosmetics to adorn their appearance or make themselves fragrant in order to attract the attention of others. Fragrances such as perfume and essential oils, as well as the use of colors for beautification, such as powder, lipstick, or brightly colored adornments, are all restricted.
The purpose of this rule is not unreasonable or arbitrary, but arises from the principle of the Patimokkha, the fundamental law that monastics must observe. It reminds us that one who has gone forth has renounced the sensual desires of the world. Lingering attachment to scents or material beauty is a subtle expression of craving (lobha) and anger (dosa) and is not beneficial to the work of practice.
This rule is also related to the principle of Brahmacariya, the holy life or life of purity. It encourages nuns to focus on the inner life rather than being drawn by external adornment.
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