Mpt Sk 79Low Seats
Pāli / Sanskrit:Nīcāsana
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SUTTA ON LOW SEATS (NĪCĀSANA)
Background
This sutta is recorded in the Vinaya Piṭaka, specifically in the section regulating the daily life of bhikkhus. In the process of guiding the Sangha, the Buddha set forth detailed rules on conduct appropriate to the life of practice. These rules are not merely formal restrictions, but in fact reflect a profound educational philosophy concerning restraint (saṃvara) and ethical cultivation.
Nīcāsana — meaning low seats, mats, or seats that are not high — is presented as a means of practice with important spiritual meaning. This rule arose from a specific context in which bhikkhus in the Sangha engaged in inappropriate conduct or caused distraction from practice, and the Buddha gave rise to the Pāṭimokkha, or to things that a bhikkhu should guard for himself.
Main Content
According to the Vinaya Piṭaka, the Buddha specified that bhikkhus should not use high seats, comfortable chairs, or mats inlaid with gold and silver. Instead, they should sit on low seats, focusing on discipline and simplicity.
This rule has two dimensions. The first is the material aspect, preventing decline into habits far removed from the spirit of renunciation. High seats are regarded as symbols of pride, ambition, and worldly desires. By using low seats, bhikkhus continually remind themselves of the spirit of humility and humble self-cultivation.
The second is the psychological aspect. Placing the body in a low position naturally gives rise to a state of mindfulness (sati) — remembering clearly and being aware that one has renounced the comforts of worldly life. Each time one sits down on a mat or low cushion, the practitioner gives rise to recollection of rebirth and independence from conditions of sensuality or enjoyment.
The Vinaya Piṭaka records clearly the types of seats that may be used and the types that are prohibited.
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