Bi Sk 6969. Sitting on a low seat

Commentary on the Nīcāsana Sutta (Vinaya Piṭaka, Bhikkhu Saṅghādisesa 69)

Background

The Nīcāsana Sutta belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka of Theravāda Buddhism, contained within the section on Bhikkhu Saṅghādisesa—the regulations governing the communal life of bhikkhus. This code of discipline was compiled in order to maintain order, preserve harmony within the Saṅgha, and establish a firm ethical foundation for the practice of the path.

In the context of ancient India, the manner of sitting reflected social standing and attitudes of respect. The fact that the Buddha gave particular attention to the matter of sitting on a low seat (nīcāsana) reveals the importance of humility and harmonious conduct within the monastic community. This is not merely a question of outward behavior, but also a reflection of the inner state of mind of one who has gone forth into the holy life.

Principal Content

This sutta stipulates that bhikkhus, when gathered together at Dhamma meetings or communal functions, should not sit upon seats that are high, luxurious, or prominent. Instead, they are to use low, simple seats befitting the austere life of a bhikkhu.

The fundamental reason for this regulation is to prevent the arising of conceit, craving for material things, and in particular the formation of distinctions of rank within the Saṅgha. When a bhikkhu sits upon a high seat while others sit lower, this creates an artificial hierarchy that is contrary to the spirit of spiritual equality taught by the Buddha.

The sutta also implicitly points out that these seemingly small actions—the way one sits, the way one comports oneself—are all expressions of the state of mind. The choice to sit on a low seat is a concrete act that continually reminds the monastic of humility and of detachment from the worldly motivations of gain and comfort.

Practical Significance

The profound value of Nīcāsana lies in the fact that it is an instrument of spiritual training.