Mpt As 7Admission
Pāli / Sanskrit:Paṭiññātakaraṇa
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The Admission Sutra (Paṭiññātakaraṇa)
Background
The Admission Sutra belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka in the Theravāda tradition, within the Bhikkhunī Vibhaṅga, the discipline for bhikkhunīs. It is an important disciplinary text concerning the formal procedure for receiving girls or women into the bhikkhunī community.
In the time of the Buddha, the admission of bhikkhunīs was not merely a simple act, but a solemn commitment before the Sangha. The Admission Sutra lays down the prerequisites, the manner of performing the fourfold Paṭiññā declaration, and the witnesses required. This content reflects the Buddha’s respect for women in the tradition of practice, despite the particular limitations of that age.
Main Content
Paṭiññātakaraṇa (Admission, reception through declaration) is the process by which a woman is formally recognized as a bhikkhunī through a public declaration before the Sangha. Unlike men, who are received after the threefold declaration (tisaraṇa), women must carry out a fourth declaration, called the “fourfold declaration” or “catuṭṭha paṭiññā.”
The text prescribes that a woman who wishes to go forth must meet certain conditions: she must not be the daughter of another person living under the control of parents or husband, must not be bound by debts or family responsibilities, and must be witnessed by both the monks’ Sangha (bhikkhusaṅgha) and the nuns’ Sangha (bhikkhunīsaṅgha).
The reception process takes place publicly and solemnly, with the declaration made four times, similar to the threefold declaration for men but with one additional declaration. Each declaration is certified by the presiding person, usually a senior bhikkhunī or a senior bhikkhu with authority. This is a symbol of permanent commitment to the Dharma and Vinaya of Buddhism.
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