San Mg Bu Pm Sk 7Covering the Head
Pāli / Sanskrit:Oguṇṭhita
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The Sutta on Covering the Head (Oguṇṭhita)
Background
In the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda tradition, the Oguṇṭhita sutta appears as a rule concerning the habit of covering the head among monastics. It is part of the Bhikkhunī Pātimokkha, specifically in the Saṅghādisesa section, rules that may lead to serious communal procedures if violated.
The background of this rule is connected with the inappropriate conduct of some bhikkhunīs, who for unjustified reasons often covered their heads when it was unnecessary. In the Buddha’s time, covering the head was not a common practice in the bhikkhunī community. It was regarded as a secretive or concealing act, contrary to the straightforward and open quality of mind within the Sangha.
The Buddha saw that such conduct could lead to situations that undermined the community’s trust, and therefore he established a rule to regulate it. This rule is not an absolute prohibition, but an instruction on when, where, and under what conditions covering the head is appropriate.
Main Content
The Oguṇṭhita rule regulates the use of the robe (saṅghāṭī) to cover the head in different contexts of practice. According to the principles of the Vinaya Piṭaka, bhikkhunīs should not cover the head without basis or in an unusual manner. If done frequently or in inappropriate circumstances, such an act is regarded as lacking discipline or as disrespecting the order of the Sangha.
There are, however, legitimate cases: when the weather is bad, when the body is unwell, or when illness requires protection. In addition, during formal ceremonies or important Dharma teachings, covering the head may also be accepted. Outside these cases, the conduct of covering the head is not encouraged.
This rule expresses a broader principle: transparency and diligence in the training life.
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